EPIZOOTIC SITUATION AND ECONOMIC DAMAGE FROM BOVINE THEILERIOSIS IN THE SOUTH OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Blood-parasitic diseases of cattle in the region of southern Kazakhstan have long attracted the attention of researchers, who made an invaluable contribution to the study and development of measures to combat piroplasmidosis. As a result, the species affiliation of cattle piroplasmidosis pathogens was determined, which turned out to be Th.annulata, P.bigeminum, Babesia bovis. As for vectors of pyroplasmids, three species of ticks of genus Hyalomma (H.anatolicum, H.detritum, H.asiaticum) - vectors of the causative agent of theileriosis of cattle and genus Boophilus (B.calcaratus) - vector of P.bigeminum, B.bovis (Fr.colchica) were found in the territory of the south of Kazakhstan. The presence of triad of invasion: pathogen, ticks - vectors and susceptible animals - has long been responsible for the stationary unpreparedness of the territory of Turkestan region for blood-parasitic diseases of cattle. According to the vetoreports of Turkestan region for the last 5 years, 34630 animals fell ill with piroplasmidosis, of which pirplasmosis and babesiosis - 10133, teileriosis - 14497. Waste amounted to 3318, of which from piroplasmosis and babesiosis - 1419 and from theileriosis - 1899 animals. The most unfavorable were Saryagash, Sairam, Baidi-Bek and Ordabasin districts, where up to 85-96% of livestock from the number of susceptible animals were annually infected. At the same time, more than 75% of them, diseased with piroplasmidosis in the oblast, were in Saryagash and Sairam districts. This situation is explained by the fact that in these two districts against the background of intensive development of irrigated farming, manifestation of all necessary environmental conditions (optimal temperature, humidity, availability of a large area of floodplain pastures) for the development of disease vectors there was concentrated a large number of imported and improved cattle, highly sensitive to piroplasmidosis.