THE INFLUENCE OF LEGUMES ON SOIL FERTILITY IN THE DRY STEPPE ZONE OF THE ABAY REGION

Abstract

In the Abai region, it is necessary to improve soil fertility in order to obtain yields[1]. The production of agricultural crops has always been given great attention, as it provides the population with food, supplies raw materials for industry, serves as animal feed, and is also the main object of international economic relations[2,3]. Soil fertility is already deteriorating in the regions of the Abai region. Food security, reducing the risk of climate change and meeting the growing demand for energy will become increasingly important tasks in the coming years. The soils of the Agrobiolaboratory of this site are degraded. [4]. The aim of the research was the influence of legumes on soil fertility in the dry steppe zone of the Abai region. Field experiments were conducted on light chestnut medium-sized soils of medium loamy mechanical composition. The objects of the study are legumes, together with bacteria, which play a huge role in the nitrogen balance of the soil. In the conditions of the dry steppe zone, the moisture supply of plants is a factor limiting the yield of crops. Moisture reserves in the soil are created here solely due to atmospheric precipitation. One of the real and economically beneficial ways to stop the decline in soil fertility and increase agricultural production, along with the use of chemicals, is to intensify the biologization of agriculture. Due to the presence of nodules with a large number of nodule bacteria on their roots, they are able to convert air nitrogen into a form available for assimilation by plants[5]. After the death of plants, legumes increase the nitrogen content in the soil, and thus the legume-rhizobial symbiosis pumps nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil[6,7]. According to the results of studies of atmospheric nitrogen fixation, legumes in symbiosis with bacteria can accumulate, depending on the biological characteristics of the culture, from 100 to 300 kg/ha of bound nitrogen per year