CONSTRUCTION OF A SCHEME FOR THE USE OF FODDER CROPS FOR THE DRY STEPPE ZONE OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Pasture keeping of farm animals in the conditions of the dry steppe zone is a labor-intensive process. To provide stable animals with feed, we have developed the structure of a hay-pasture conveyor. This method is based on the use of forage crops, scientifically based selection of species composition, productivity level, direction of economic purpose. The developed composition uses mixtures of perennial herbs consisting of granary, esparcet and alfalfa, and also uses seeds of Sudanese grass, fodder sorghum. The main attention is drawn to the fact that the crops of Sudanese grass are mown in the "tubing - earing" phase. To obtain a good grass of the Sudanese grass, mowing was carried out at a height of 10-12 cm in the phase of throwing out the panicle. The sowing of fodder sorghum for green fodder was carried out in the second decade of May, since the warm period favorably affects the increase in vegetative mass. In the panicle phase, forage sorghum is recommended to be drained in October-November, and in warm winter conditions it is used as a winter pasture. At the end of the pasture season, the autumn cold comes. During this period, the animals return to the pens again, where feeding is carried out with harvested hay. The developed structure of the hay-pasture conveyor allows for a long time to receive pasture feed and increase the pasture period by 90-95 days due to the presence of annual and perennial grasses in the scheme. The haymaking and pasture conveyor is strongly influenced by weather and climatic conditions, under favorable conditions it is possible to obtain from a unit area from 113.7 to 125 c/ha of pasture grass green mass. By the fifth year, the productivity of the mixture of perennial grasses decreases, it is proposed to use the grasses of the second and third years of use as hay, and the fourth and fifth years for grazing, the feed value is from 0.46 to 0.56 fodder units.